Frequently Asked Questions

What are some of the guidelines for laying out an AGV path?

A number of factors must be considered when laying out an AGV path. First and foremost is consideration for safety. It is recommended that 18" exist from the side of the AGV to any fixed object along the path. This includes any towed trailers as they track around a curve.

Different vehicle types, combined with different steering configurations determine the AGV turning capabilities. Typically a unit load vehicle will use 6-8’ radius curves, whereas tow vehicles use 8-12’ radius curves. The tighter the curve, the less space required in the aisles for the AGV to operate.

Spurs (or sidings) off the main path are another consideration. Including the curves to depart and return to the mainline, plus the straight spur line, the approximate required length of a side spur is — an AGV (and trailers, if tow type) length plus about 30 feet.

It is important to determine where an AGV stop station can be located — how close to the end or beginning of a curve. This is particularly critical in unit load carrier systems where an automatic pickup or drop-off stand is close to a path curve. It takes an AGV a certain distance to straighten out after a curve to line up with a stand. A suggested rule of thumb is to allow a vehicle length after or before a curve before placing the pick/drop stand.

Interface with doors is another layout concern. The AGVs must stop if the door fails to open. Most manufacturers provide a forced stop location prior to an automatic door. The location of this station has to be placed ahead of the door, a sufficient distance to allow the AGV to stop if the door is not completely open. This distance depends on the door opening speed and the speed of the AGV.

Another consideration is to check where an AGV will wait when AGV traffic congestion is ahead. If the AGV waits in an aisle crossing or in a location where it blocks needed access, then the wait point should be relocated.