The Basics of Automatic Guided Vehicle Systems

Load Transfer: Automatic Couple and Uncouple

Automatic uncouple load transfer methods are relatively easy to implement. The vehicle usually stops on a side spur and automatically uncouples trailers, which it is pulling. The AGV then pulls forward and waits or proceeds to another location to receive a new string of trailers to tow. Typically, an operator will manually couple the new trailers to the AGV hugger.

Automatic couple capability is a more challenging capability than automatic uncouple. First, the carts/trailers to which the AGV is coupling must be in a precise position so that the AGV hitch and the trailer hitch engage properly. Second, controls must be provided to insure trailers left on the path are identified so that other AGVs do not collide with them. Third, sophisticated AGV management software and controls need to be provided to support an automatic coupling operation. For example, an operator must ‘call’ from a terminal when they have some carts ready for an AGV to pickup. This requires a software management program to decide where the closest AGV is that is 1) not currently towing carts and 2) is available for a new task. If operators move the waiting carts or override the automatic dispatching of AGVs to pickup carts, then the system will not function well. So, increased operator and supervisory discipline needs to be provided.